MLA Style Sheet

MLA

WORKS CITED

(Bibliographic/In-text Documentation)

A STATEMENT ON PLAGIARISM

Using someone else's ideas of phrasing and pretending these are your own, whether on purpose or through carelessness, is a serious offense known as PLAGIARISM. "Ideas and phrasing" includes: - written or spoken material; - statistics; - lab results; - artwork; - etc.

The penalty for PLAGIARISM is usually determined by the instructor teaching the course. In many schools and colleges, it could involve failure for the paper and it could mean failure for the entire course and even expulsion from school.

Bibliographic Citation

There are two types of bibliographic citation:
Works Cited - located at the end of a paper and includes an alphabetical list of all the sources you've cited in your paper.

In-Text Documentation - cites sources within the body of the text. This will relate back to the source of the ideas, facts, or opinions gathered in the research process. This means that even if you paraphrase or put another's words into your own, you must give credit to the originator of the idea or fact. All ideas that are not your own personal commentaries need to be documented by giving credit. This in-text documentation should refer the reader back to the Works Cited page for complete bibliographic information.

SAMPLE of MLA IN-TEXT DOCUMENTATION

Underage drinking is, "a passage to madness not maturity" (Clark 221). Statistics indicate that alcohol consumption by minors leads to tragedy. On college campuses, alcohol is a factor in the majority of instances that involve violence, property damage, sexual assaults, suicides and hazing deaths. Over half of the teen highway deaths in 1990 involved alcohol, and binge drinking is popular with thirty percent of high school students and forty-three percent of college students, according to a University of Michigan survey ("Alcoholism" 36). Despite the fact that the legal drinking age in all fifty states and the District of Columbia is twenty-one, underage drinking continues to be a problem:
What seems different today is that we're getting reports from all over that kids are getting drunk not just inadvertently at a party, but as a result of intentionally downing the greater and greater amounts of alcohol that are needed to get that effect (Eigen, 219).

The following guidelines are recommended by MLA

Paper Format:

Margins - top, bottom and sides should be set at 1 inch
Line Spacing - double space
Font - use a 10 or 12 font such as Geneva, Helvetica, Palatino, Courier or Times Roman
Indentation - the first word of every paragraph should be indented 1/2 inch or five spaces. Quotations longer than 4 lines should be indented 1 inch or ten spaces.
Paper - Use only white, 8 1/2 by 11 inch paper.

Spacing of Citations within the Works Cited/Bibliography:

Each Citation should be double spaced.
Within each citation there is: one spaces after a (.) period and a (:) colon or comma.
Double space between citations.
All references are listed alphabetically, no numerical numbering.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

WORKS CITED

"Africa: Highlights of Amnesty International Report 2002 Covering events from January to
December 2001." Amnesty International Report 2000. 25 May 2001.
<http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/regAFR?Open Document>.

All Shakespeare. 7 May 2001<http://www.allshakespeare.com>.

"Aztec". World Book Online. World Book Encyclopedia. 5 May 2001.

<http://worldbookonline.com>.

Bunch, Bryan, ed. Diseases. Vol.6. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 1997.

Doe, John, ed. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

Jones, John, "Studying." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1992. ed.

Stewart, Melissa. "Cloning: Hit or Miss?" Science World. 26 Mar 2001:8-12. ProQuest.

3 May 2001. <http://www.umi.com>.

"U.S. - Japan Study." Science 16 Jan. 1987: 19-28.

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR

Author's Last Name, First Name. Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Smith, Samuel. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Smith 8)

BOOK WITH TWO AUTHORS

Author's Last Name, First Name, and First Name, Last Name. Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher,

Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Brown, John, and Samuel Smith. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Brown and Smith 345)

BOOK WITH THREE AUTHORS

Author's Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name, and First Name Last Name. Title. Place

Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Brown, John, John Smith, and Mary Smith. The Importance of Doing Your Homework. New York:

Holt Press, 1995.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Brown, Smith and Smith 345)

BOOK WITH MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS

Author's Last Name, First Name, et al. Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Brown, John, et al. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Brown et al. 135)

BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR

Title. Place Of Publication. Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Studying 53)

BOOK WITH EDITOR - NO AUTHOR

Editor's Last Name, First Name, Ed. Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Doe, John, ed. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Doe 25)

SIGNED PIECE IN A MULTI-VOLUME WORK

(CLC, TCLC, etc.)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title/Subject." Title Of Work. Volume Number. Name Of Editor(s),

ed(s). Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date: Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Beck, Warren. "Faulkner, William, 1897-1962." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 11. Dedria

Bryfonski, ed. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Company, 1979: 197-199.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Beck 197)

CITING ONE VOLUME FROM MULTI-VOLUME WORK

Author's (Editor's) Last Name, First Name (if given). Title Of Volume. Place Of Publication: Publisher,

Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Bunch, Bryan, ed. Diseases. Vol. 6. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 1997.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Bunch 51)

ESSAY OR ARTICLE IN A COLLECTION OR ANTHOLOGY

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title Of Essay." Name Of Collection Or Anthology. Place Of

Publication: Publisher, Date: Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Hildyard, Nicholas. "Overpopulation Contributes to World Hunger". Population: Opposing Viewpoints.

San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press 2000:122-129.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Hildyard 126)

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION

Author (Government Agency). Name Of Agency. Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, D.C.: JIST, 2000.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(U.S. 41)

PRINT ENCYCLOPEDIA

"Title." Encyclopedia Name. Edition Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"Studying." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("Studying")

(If the article is signed, begin with the author.)

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Jones, John. "Studying." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Jones 365)

ELECTRONIC ENCYCLOPEDIA (CD-ROM)

"Title of Article." Encyclopedia Name. CD-ROM. Edition Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"Reading." Microsoft Encarta '96 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1996 ed.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("Reading")

ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA

"Title Of Article." Title Of Internet Encyclopedia. Sponsoring Institution. Date Accessed. <URL>.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"Aztec." World Book Online. World Book Encyclopedia. 5 May 2001. <http://worldbookonline.com>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Aztec")

MAGAZINE ARTICLE - WITH AUTHOR

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title Of Article." Name Of Periodical Date (Day Mo.Year): Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Walsh, John. "U.S. - Japan Study." Science 16 Jan. 1987: 19-28.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("U.S." 19)

MAGAZINE - NO AUTHOR

"Title." Name Of Periodical Date (Day Mo. Year): Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"U.S. - Japan Study." Science 16 Jan. 1987: 19-28.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("U.S." 19)

NEWSPAPER

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title." Name Of Newspaper Date, Edition: Section Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Jones, James. "Libya and Iran Talking Peace." Buffalo News 18 Jan. 199, Sunrise Edition: A8 (or A8+).

If the newspaper article is on more than one page, follow the page number with a (+) plus to indicate the additional pages.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Jones 8) or (Jones 8+)

CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY RESEARCHER (PRINT)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title Of Article." CQ RESEARCHER Date Of Article: Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Smith, John. "Approaching Bibliographies Correctly." CQ Researcher 11 Mar. 1991: 397-401.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Smith 398)

ISSUES & CONTROVERSIES ON FILE/SCIENCE ON FILE (PRINT)

"Title Of Article." Today's Science On File Date: Pages.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"AIDS Research." Today's Science on File December 1998: 114-116.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("AIDS" 115)

PAMPHLET

Author's Last Name, First Name (or Authoring Institution). Title. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

American Medical Association. Studying for Health. New York: American Medical Association, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(American Medical)

INTERVIEW

Subject's Last Name, First Name. Person's Title. Type Of Interview And Subject. Date (Day Mo. Year).

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Krauza, Larry. Science teacher. West Seneca East High School. Personal Interview on Periodic Tables.

11 Feb. 1992.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Krauza)

UNPUBLISHED LECTURE

Lecturer's Last Name, First Name. Title. Class, Topic, Date (Day Mo. Year)

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Klawitter, Paul. English teacher. West Seneca East High School. Class lecture on Vonnegut,

20 Sept. 1990.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Klawitter)

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Title. CD-ROM. Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE (NO PLACE OF PUBLICATION PROVIDED)

A.D.A.M. The Inside Story. CD-ROM. A.D.A.M. Software, Inc., 1997.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(A.D.A.M. The Inside Story)

CHOICES

"Career Name." Choices ISM INC., Canada 1999.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

"Library Media Specialist." Choices ISM Inc., Canada 1999.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

'(Library Media Specialist)"

INTERNET (WITH AUTHOR)

Author's Last Name, First Name. Title Of Site. Date Accessed. <URL>.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE

Lippert, Eric. The J.R.R.Tolkien Information Page. 5 May 2001.

<http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/u/relipper/tolkien/rootpage.html>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Lippert)

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Blitzer, Wolf. "Trying Kids as Adults." Wolf Blitzer Reports.10 May 2001.

<http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/wolf.blitzer.reports/>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Blitzer)

INTERNET (WITHOUT AUTHOR)

Title of Site. Date Accessed. <URL>.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

All Shakespeare. 7 May 2001. <http://www.allshakespeare.com/index.php3>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(All Shakespeare)

E-Mail

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Subject Line From Posting." Type of Medium. Day Mo.Year.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Lee, John L. "Reschedule meeting." Personal e-mail. 26 April 1995.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Lee)

CITING CHARTS, MAPS, IMAGES, SOUNDS OR VIDEO CLIPS

FROM ONLINE SOURCE

Description or Title of Image, Sound or Video Clip. (Online Image/Sound/Video Clip). Date

Downloaded. <URL>.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Space Shuttle. (Online Image). 6 July 1998. <www.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/index/html.>.

TELEVISION PROGRAM

"Title of Program." Program Series. Network. Local Station, City. Broadcast Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

"Volcanoes." National Geographic Explorer. CBS. WIBV, Buffalo. 16 March 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

("Volcanoes")

FILMS AND VIDEOS

Title. Director's Name. With Name of Star(s). Distributor, Year.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Dir. Milos Foreman. With Jack Nicholson. Republic, 1975.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(One Flew)

CASSETTE OR CD RECORDING

Performer's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Song." Album Title. Manufacturer, Date.

WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Jackson, Janet. "Rush." Janet Jackson Live. Motown Records, 1993.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE:

(Jackson)

SIGNED ARTICLE FROM ONLINE DATABASE

(PROQUEST, SIRS, NEWSBANK, OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS, ETC.)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Source of Article. Date of Publication: Pages. Name

Of Database. Date Accessed. <URL:>.

PROQUEST WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Stewart, Melissa. "Cloning: Hit or Miss? " Science World. 26 Mar 2001: 8-12. ProQuest. 3 May 2001.

<http://www.umi.com/proquest>.

SIRS WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Schrof, Joannie M. "Women in Sports: A Sporting Chance? " U.S. News & World Report. 11 April

1994: 51-53. SIRS Researcher. 3 May 2001. <http://ars.sirs.com>.

NEWSBANK WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Mihoces, Gary. "Steroids Survey Stirs Concern Indicates Use By Kids of Both Sexes on Rise" USA

Today. 18 April 2000: 1C. NewsBank. 3 May 2001. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com>.

CQ WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

Rubin, A.L. "Clinton Firm That Tax Cut Must Bend Democrats' Way." 5 July 1997: 1575-76.

CQ Weekly. 15 May 2001. <http://www.library.cqpress.com>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE (author's last name):

(Stewart)

UNSIGNED ARTICLE FROM ONLINE DATABASE

(FACTS.COM, GALE, ETC.)

"Title of Article." Name of Specific Database. Publication Date. Name of General Database. Date

Accessed. <URL>.

FACTS.COM WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

"Safe Drinking Water Act Signed." Facts on File World News Digest. 22 August 1996.

Facts.com. 20 April 2001. <http://www.facts.com/wshsny>.

GALE GROUP WORKS CITED EXAMPLE:

"Dean Koontz." Contemporary Authors. Gale Group. 31. March 1998. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

IN-TEXT EXAMPLE (first part of article title):

("Safe Drinking")

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